In a randomized study, Sevelamer and calcium provided equivalent control of serum phosphorus but the median absolute calcium score on EBCT in the coronary arteries and aorta nearly doubled in the calcium treated subjects but not in the sevelamer-treated. The median percent...
DQT dispersion, defined as the difference in duration between the longest and shortest QT interval on an electrocardiogram, is a method of approximating repolarization abnormalities. QT dispersion has been shown to independently predict cardiovascular mortality in incident...
Starfruit also known as carambola, is the fruit of the Averrhoa carambola tree. It has potent neurotoxicity in ESRD patients. Ingestion of 1-2 fruits was associated with the development of neurologic symptoms within hours, an overall 40% mortality, and 80% mortality in patients...
The CDC recommends revaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine with up to three additional doses for susceptible persons who do not develop protective antibody levels after an initial vaccination series. The intramuscular route is preferred, as there are no data...
AVF graft is not needed since fistula has matured but has developed a stenosis - If an AV fistula does not mature, an AV graft is the second choice for a long-lasting vascular access. An AV graft is more likely than an AV fistula to have problems with infection and clotting- AV...
HR is 65, BP is well controlled with no edema - on maximal tolerated medical treatment - no further titration of medications needed CRT is indicated for patients congestive heart failure symptoms with NYHA class III or IV CRT is indicated for patients who have LBBB with QRS...
This patient has the classic from of Alport syndrome (Hereditary nephritis with deafness) due to a mutation (large deletion) of the COL4A5 gene on the X-Chromosome. Large deletion mutations of this gene have been associated with progressive renal disease and a substantially...
This patient almost certainly has Type 2 ADPKD due to a mutation of the polycystin gene on Chromosome 4. Patients with Type 2 ADPKD are usually much older at the time of discovery and have a slower progression of disease. Screening of offspring after age 30 (with ultrasound or...
Current studies of patients with Type 1 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have shown an increased risk of bleeding from intracranial aneurysms (ICA). Rupture of an ICA is a particular risk if there is a family history of hemorrhagic stroke or ICA bleeding....
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